Unlock 4.0 guidelines

1. School, collage, educational institutions,and coaching institute will remain closed till 30 September 2020.

2.online distance learning shal continue to be permitted.

3. Upto 50% of teaching and non teaching staff to be called to school at a time for online teaching / tele- consulting and relatad work outside containment zone after 21 September 2020 . Standard operating procedures will be issued by ministry of health and family welfare.

4. Student of 9th to 12th May be permitted to visit their school in area outside of contain ment zone for their guidelines from ther teachers but permission of their parents/ guardian is required in written it is in effect from 21 September 2020.

5. Post graduate and p.hd students of technical and professional will be permitted only for research scholar.

Entrepreneurship training, iti , short term training course and other government skill development program will be permitted.

In effect from 21 September 2020.

6. Matro rail will will be allowed to oprat with effect from 7 September will be issued by (MAOUHA).

7. SOCIAL / ACADMIC /SPORT/ CULTURAL RELIGIOUS/ POLITICAL functions and other congratulations with cealing of 100persone will effect from 21 September 2020.

8. 20 person can gather in case of death, and     50 person can gather in case of marriage  program.

9. Locdown will be continu in containment zon till 30 September 2020.

Occupational helth

Occupational health

Occupational health is eventually a branch of preventive medicines which examines the relationship between work and health and effects of works on the help of the worker.

Occupational diseases
1. Occupational lungs disease :-
                   
Dustis system of solid small particles in air or gas whoes size distribution is a like colide its originates from mechanical breaking, crushing,granding,mixing,polishing and handling are the main dust generating process.

Types of dust can be classified as under
1. Quartz and mixture containing
2. Asbestos and mixture containing
3. Metal and metal components
4. Plant and animal organic dust
5. Other dust

Dust materials.                                Diseases

1.  Asbestos.                      Lungs diseases, asbestosis
2. Wood.                                     Allergies, pneumonia
3. Cotton flax.                            Irritation

Dust control method

1. Know the exposed limit of dust.
2. Elimination of dust process.
3 substitution by a less toxic or non toxic dust
4. Wet method prevent dust particles
5. Local exhaust ventilation should be provided.


2. Occupational dermatitis:-
                                                  An inflation on skin products which isthe most common skine diseases. Chemical and harmless substance including all form of minerals oil and chemical solvent , x-ray and radiant heat, friction.


3. Occupational Cancers:-
                                              Occupational Cancers is aform of delayed toxicity serious in clinical course an outcome due to exposed chemical and physical agent in workplace.

Preventive measures
1. Not to use carcinogenic substance or process.
Research to find safe subtitut should be developed.

2. Floting purpose exposed to risk those reducing their exposed limit.

3. Reffering serious cases to a cancer hospital or orthosergen.

Occupational health and services and medical examination

1. Medical examination
2. Advice to management and worker
3. Helth education and training
4. Medical treatment first aid emergency and amulatory treatment.
5. Nutrition, family, planning.
6. Research in occupational helth.


Purpose of industrial medical services

1. Identify the hazards
2. Prevention or minimising the hazard
3. Treatment in case of exposed.
4. Determining the combination for damage.

Statutory requirements:-
According factory act 1948(section 45) and there rule their under required first aid ambulance root facilities.
1. Helth record
2. Medical examination
3. Occupational health center
4. Ambulance van

Fall protection

Fall protection

Fall is the leading cause in construction industry

Most atalities occur when employees fall from open sided floor and through floor openings.

Fall from as little as 4 to 6 feet can cause serious injury , accident and sometime death.open side floor and platform  6 feet or more in hight must
be guarded.

Fall protection options
1. PFAS (Personal fall arrester system)
2. Guardrail
3. Safety net

Fall arrester -fall arrester is provided over 6 feet.
In most cases,a guardrail system,a safety net system,or ap fall arrest system must be equipment guards or a controlled access zone be used.
Employees must be protected not from falling off a surface , but from falling through holes and from having object fall on them from above.

Personal fall arrest system

You must be trained how to properly use PFAS.
PFAS=anchorage, lifeline and harness.


Apersonal fall arrest system places the employee into a body harness that is fastened to a secure anchorage so that he/she cannot fall. Body belts are
notacceptable acceptable as personal fall arrest system.A few key requirements

There should be no free fall more then 6 feet.
There should be rescue after afall.
PFAS must be inspected prior to each use.

Line anchorage

Must be independent of any platform anchorage
Safety and capable of supporting at least 5000lbs.perworker

Guard rail

1.Trail b/w 39 and 45inches tall.
2. Toeboard at least 3.5 inch high.

Guardrail system provide abarrier to protect employee from falling.
Top edge of the guardrail must be 39-45inches above the walking walking.
There must also be protection from falling between the top rail and the walking surface. screen,messy, or intermidiate vertical members may be used for this protection.
There are specific requirements for their installation.

The protectiv barriers must be strong enough to support a falling employee.wood ,chain and
 Wire rope may be used for top rails and midrails.


Safety net

Place as close as possible, but no more than 30 feet below where employees work

Safety net system catch the employee if he/she does fall . The safety nets.
Must be strong enough to support a falling employee,
Must have sufficiently small mesh opnings so the employee cannot fall through the net .
Must be closed enough to the surface of the walking /working surface so that the
 Fall into the safety net will not still injure the employee (never more than 30 feet below the walking/working level)

Must be close enough to the edge of the working surface (the outer edge of the net between 8-13feet from the edge of the walking/working surface so that the working surface depanding on the distance to the walking/working surface)so that the falling employee will not slip past the net.


When fall protection is needed
*Walkway & ramps
* Roofs
*Wall opnings
*Holes
*Bricklaying
*Concrete forms &rebar
*Residential construction

 Training
Employees must provide fall protection training
The training is teach you
1. How to recognise hazards
2 How to mainimize hazard

The training must cover
1. Fall hazards
2. Fall protection systes
3. Use of fall protection devices


If you can fall more than 6 feet ,you must be protected
Use fall protection on
1. Walkway and ramps , open side and edges Holes, concrete forms and rebar , excavation,roof,wall openings, bricklaying residential construction.
2. Protectiv measures include guardrail, coves , safety net and personal fall arrest system.

PUMP AND PRIMING

PUMP AND PRIMING

• WHAT IS PUMP 

A pump is a mechanical device used to force a fluid (a liquid or a gas) to move forward inside a pipeline or hose. 

• WHAT IS PRIMING 

 the  process of exhausting  air from the pump and hard section hose ,thus allowing water pushed by the wight of the atmosphere (atomic pressure) to fill the void is called priming.

TYPES OF PRIMER

1. RECIPROCATING PRIMING
2. WATER RING PRIMING
3. EXHAUST EJECTOR PRIMING
4. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PRIMING

RECIPROCATING PRIMING

 the primer consist of small piston which is driven by an eccentric cam on the main pump driven shaft.

steps in priming process-

1. Induction stroke - a vacuum is created in the priming valve.atmospheric pressure caused, the atomic priming valve and air is dawn , by piston through inlet flap valves from the suction tube 
2. Exhaust stroke - air in primer is forced out through the exhaust flap valve to atmosphere . once pump pressure is generated it is communicated to the back of the piston which lifts off the cam so that the primer effectively discharges.

WATER RING PRIMING 

A water ring primer is a form of positive displacement pump. the principle of operation is also very  simple.

a vaned impeller with a hollow centre rotates in an elliptical housing around a stationary hollow boss which a projection from housing and cover. which communicates with the primer suction and delivery connection.

EXHAUST EJECTOR PRIMING 

The devices used to exhaust air from the suction and the casing is known as priming devices. After the pump  is primed the atmospheric pressure is able to force the water to reach the pump entry.

There are different types of primers which are listed below:

Reciprocating primer:

primer reci.png600×587 17.1 KB

These are reciprocating pumps which develop higher pressure by the direct action of the plunger on the fluid (liquid or gas) confined in a cylinder and forcing the fluid out from the discharge.

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PRIMING 

The terms positive and negative priming refer to when priming affects the speed of processing. A positive prime speeds up processing, while a negative prime lowers the speed to slower than un-primed levels. Positive priming is caused by simply experiencing the stimulus, while negative priming is caused by experiencing the stimulus, and then ignoring it. Positive priming effects happen even if the prime is not consciously seen.The effects of positive and negative priming are visible in event related potential  readings.

Positive priming is thought to be caused by spreading activation.This means that the first stimulus activates parts of a particular representation  just before carrying out an action or task. The representation is already partially activated when the second stimulus is encountered, so less additional activation is needed for one to become consciously aware of it.

Negative priming is more difficult to explain. Many models have been hypothesized, but currently the most widely accepted are the distractor inhibition and episodic retrieval models. In the distractor inhibition model, the activation of ignored stimuli is inhibited by the brain.The episodic retrieval model hypothesizes that ignored items are flagged 'do-not-respond' by the brain. Later, when the brain acts to retrieve this information, the tag causes a conflict. The time taken to resolve this conflict causes negative priming Although both models are still valid, recent scientific research has led scientists to lean away from the distractor inhibitor model.

PUMPS

there are many types of pumps are available 

1. centrifugal pump
2. exhaust gas ejector pump
3. positive displacment pump - types 

• force pump
• lift pump
• plunger pump
• rotery pump    

             

Exposure Evaluation & Air sampling

Air monitoring can be either periodic or continuous and is the quantitative or qualitative assessment of the extent of pollutants in or around the workplace. It is used to ensure compliance with appropriate legislation and to evaluate control measures 

It is used to find various limits & doses in which work is permissible or not.

1. (PEL) PERMISSIBLE  EXPOSURE LIMIT
     
 There are different types of  (PEL).-

1.1 - CELLING LIMIT -
                                      Concentration in which worker and other employees can work normally.

1.2- (STEL) SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT -
                                      The maximum concentration to which worker may be exposed for a short short period  15 min.

1.3-(TWA) TIME WEIGHT AVERAGE -
                                         The average Concentration to which worker may be exposed for a normal 8 hour work day.


2.THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE-
                                                       Nearly all workers con experience without any unreasonable risk and disease .

3 Recommend EXPOSED LIMIT -
    Indicate the Concentration of a substance to which a worker can be exposed for 10 hours work day during a 40 hours work in week

3.1 Based on animal and human study.
3.2 Generally experienced as a celling limit. Short term exposed limit and time weight and average

LETHAL DOSE AND LETHAL CONCENTRATION

             In experimental  toxicology it is common particle to determine the quantity of  poison per unit of body

LD 50-
lethal dose for 50% the dose that killed one half of a group casual 10 or more .

LD 90 -
Lethal dose for 90% .

LD 100-
lethal dose for 100%.

AIR SAMPLING

two basic method employed two collect gaseous contamination are

1. FIELD METHOD
survey of work environment to collect the basic data.
1.1 sampling principal of stratagies to decide the location and messurment
1.2 minimum and optimum value of sample.

2. SAMPLING STRATEGIES -
 2.1  collection technics
2.2  plan of sampling
2.3  selection og highly exposed worker
2.4  time and duration of sampling. 
                                                         
   
   AIR SAMPLING DEVICE
there are two types of air sampling device.
1.Direct reading device
2.Indirect reading device
                                                       
    MONITORING
Monitoring is a continuous program of observation, measure and judgement.
There are 4 types.
1.Personnel
2. Environmental
3.Medical
4.Biological
                                       
     WORK PLACE AND AREA MONITORING
Air monitoring is done for determination of concentration in the work place area air monitoring can be done for 8 hour to 10 hour.Hazard of work environment include all type of hazard affecting work area due to work.
                                           
     PERSONNEL EXPOSE MONITORING
The concentration of the containment present in the breathing zone of a potentially exposed employed is quantitative by air monitoring.
                                                   
      BIOLOGICAL MONITORING
Biological monitoring is defined as a respective and regular measurement and assessment of agents our there metabolic blood urine etc. Biological monitoring is not a replacement of any other form of monitoring. It is complementary work environment monitoring does not give evaluation of industrial exposed.
                                                     

   VENTILATION SYSTEM
Ventilation is the mechanical system is the bring in fresh outdoor, Air and remove the contaminates in door air.
                                                      
TYPE OF VENTILATION
1.Mechanical
2.Natural   -- i)Wind Driven ii)Buoyancy Driven
3.Local Adjust
4.Heating Ventilation
                         
 
     AIR BORN CONTAMINATION

         When chemical are discriminate in air and containment they are called air born containment they are classified according to their physical state

1. Gases
        Normally formless fluid which occupie the space of incloser and which can be change to the liquid or solid state only by the combine effects of increasing pressure or temperature the particle size various 0.0005 from 0.01 nitrogen  examples are-CL, sow, NOH, H2S  CO.
                           
2. VAPOURS
      The gaseous  form of substance which are normally in the solid or liquid Stat and which can increasing change to this state by either increasing pressure and decreasing the temperature  the particle size various 0.005 to 0.001 microns..

3. DUST
         Dust solid particle generate by handing, crushing, grinding, rapid impact, distinction and discription of organic and inorganic material such as rock, metal, coal ets.

4. FUMS
        Solid particle genrate by condensation from gaseous state generally after vantilation from molten metal the particle size various fr

om.0.001to 100 micron

5. MISTS
        Suspended liquid droplet genrated by condensation from gaseous to liquid Stat or by braking up a liquid into a disper  state.


6. SMOKE
       The air containment may be present in the form of smoke and fog which are not usually in countered an in industrial environment.

Types of fire and methods of extinguishment

Motivation

Kabhi jindgi main aise pal bhi aayege

Aaj ki khani kuch aisi hai k,har kisi ki life m vo turning point aata hai jha s humari life ya to aachi ban jati hai ya fir mushkile oor bhi badhne vali hoti hai.
      Ye o time hota jb aapka dil aapko hajaro bade bade sapne dikhayega lekin jb unke liye hard work ki bari aayegi to dill kheya * mujhse na ho payega*
 
yadi aap is dill ki in negative bato k changul m fs gaye to samjho aap k jindgi m bahut drd ane vala hai.
          Yadi aap ne samy pr aapne dimag ka upyog nahi kiya or risk lekar kisi lakshy ko  time pr  pura nahi kiya to time aapke liye rukega nai aapko future m apne sath ghssit te hue le jayega or aap kuch nai kr paoge
   Regret k aalava  aapke pass kuch nai hoga fir
Aapko un bato ka ehsas hoga jo apne bade hume aaj kehte hai *padh lo, kuch kr lo, baad m pachtaoge*

So isse pehleki time aapko chalaye aapko time k sath aage badhna hoga

Kuch line

+Jivan ka vo dore jo tumhe sabse jyada stayega,
Jhukna Mt yaro ye vo dore hai jo tumhe bhut tpayega,
Sochna abhi to gili mitti hai hum ye hme majbut ghda banayega,
Jb badlega dore humara sukh rupi pani khud b khud aapke pas aayega.++++

atom kya hai # learn easy

ATOM



IT IS SMALLEST UNIT OF MOLECULE

solid ,liquid , gas ,plasma, living , non-living contain basic smallest unit is know as atom.

1. Nucleus = it is canter of atom which contain A. neutron and B. proton .
2. Orbit = orbit is surrounding area of nucleus which contain C. electrons .

CHARGE ( 1.6* 10^-19 )coulomb
A. neutron =  no charge
B. proton =(+)positive charge(+ 1.6* 10^-19)
C.electron =(-)negative charge (- 1.6*10^ -19)


MASS
mass is amount of mater

Mass of neutron and proton = 1.62*10^-24 gram

mass of electron =  9.11 *10^-28

WEIGHT
the weight of a body is the product of its mass and the acceleration due to gravity.
( amount of force acting on body.)

W= M * G

W= WEIGHT
M= MASS
G= GRAVITY

ATOMIC NUMBER 

Atomic number = number of protons

Mass number = proton + neutron 

number of neutron in atom = number of neutron - number of electron 

VOLUME 
Accounting for the sizes of protons, neutrons, and electrons, most of the volume of an atom—greater than 99 percent—is, in fact, empty space. Despite all this empty space, solid objects do not just pass through one another. The electrons that surround all atoms are negatively charged and cause atoms to repel one another, preventing atoms from occupying the same space. These intermolecular forces prevent you from falling through an object like your chair.

MONOATATOMIC

When any molecule have only one atom then it is called monatomic atom.

POLYATOMIC

When any molecule have two or more then two atom then it is known as polyatomic atom.