Exposure Evaluation & Air sampling
Air monitoring can be either periodic or continuous and is the quantitative or qualitative assessment of the extent of pollutants in or around the workplace. It is used to ensure compliance with appropriate legislation and to evaluate control measures
It is used to find various limits & doses in which work is permissible or not.
1. (PEL) PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT
There are different types of (PEL).-
1.1 - CELLING LIMIT -
Concentration in which worker and other employees can work normally.
1.2- (STEL) SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT -
The maximum concentration to which worker may be exposed for a short short period 15 min.
1.3-(TWA) TIME WEIGHT AVERAGE -
The average Concentration to which worker may be exposed for a normal 8 hour work day.
2.THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE-
Nearly all workers con experience without any unreasonable risk and disease .
3 Recommend EXPOSED LIMIT -
Indicate the Concentration of a substance to which a worker can be exposed for 10 hours work day during a 40 hours work in week
3.1 Based on animal and human study.
3.2 Generally experienced as a celling limit. Short term exposed limit and time weight and average
LETHAL DOSE AND LETHAL CONCENTRATION
In experimental toxicology it is common particle to determine the quantity of poison per unit of body
LD 50-
lethal dose for 50% the dose that killed one half of a group casual 10 or more .
LD 90 -
Lethal dose for 90% .
LD 100-
lethal dose for 100%.
AIR SAMPLING
two basic method employed two collect gaseous contamination are
1. FIELD METHOD
survey of work environment to collect the basic data.
1.1 sampling principal of stratagies to decide the location and messurment
1.2 minimum and optimum value of sample.
2. SAMPLING STRATEGIES -
2.1 collection technics
2.2 plan of sampling
2.3 selection og highly exposed worker
2.4 time and duration of sampling.
AIR SAMPLING DEVICE
there are two types of air sampling device.
1.Direct reading device
2.Indirect reading device
MONITORING
Monitoring is a continuous program of observation, measure and judgement.
There are 4 types.
1.Personnel
2. Environmental
3.Medical
4.Biological
WORK PLACE AND AREA MONITORING
Air monitoring is done for determination of concentration in the work place area air monitoring can be done for 8 hour to 10 hour.Hazard of work environment include all type of hazard affecting work area due to work.
PERSONNEL EXPOSE MONITORING
The concentration of the containment present in the breathing zone of a potentially exposed employed is quantitative by air monitoring.
BIOLOGICAL MONITORING
Biological monitoring is defined as a respective and regular measurement and assessment of agents our there metabolic blood urine etc. Biological monitoring is not a replacement of any other form of monitoring. It is complementary work environment monitoring does not give evaluation of industrial exposed.
VENTILATION SYSTEM
Ventilation is the mechanical system is the bring in fresh outdoor, Air and remove the contaminates in door air.
TYPE OF VENTILATION
1.Mechanical
2.Natural -- i)Wind Driven ii)Buoyancy Driven
3.Local Adjust
4.Heating Ventilation
AIR BORN CONTAMINATION
When chemical are discriminate in air and containment they are called air born containment they are classified according to their physical state
1. Gases
Normally formless fluid which occupie the space of incloser and which can be change to the liquid or solid state only by the combine effects of increasing pressure or temperature the particle size various 0.0005 from 0.01 nitrogen examples are-CL, sow, NOH, H2S CO.
2. VAPOURS
The gaseous form of substance which are normally in the solid or liquid Stat and which can increasing change to this state by either increasing pressure and decreasing the temperature the particle size various 0.005 to 0.001 microns..
3. DUST
Dust solid particle generate by handing, crushing, grinding, rapid impact, distinction and discription of organic and inorganic material such as rock, metal, coal ets.
4. FUMS
Solid particle genrate by condensation from gaseous state generally after vantilation from molten metal the particle size various fr
om.0.001to 100 micron
5. MISTS
Suspended liquid droplet genrated by condensation from gaseous to liquid Stat or by braking up a liquid into a disper state.
6. SMOKE
The air containment may be present in the form of smoke and fog which are not usually in countered an in industrial environment.
Air monitoring can be either periodic or continuous and is the quantitative or qualitative assessment of the extent of pollutants in or around the workplace. It is used to ensure compliance with appropriate legislation and to evaluate control measures
It is used to find various limits & doses in which work is permissible or not.
1. (PEL) PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT
There are different types of (PEL).-
1.1 - CELLING LIMIT -
Concentration in which worker and other employees can work normally.
1.2- (STEL) SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT -
The maximum concentration to which worker may be exposed for a short short period 15 min.
1.3-(TWA) TIME WEIGHT AVERAGE -
The average Concentration to which worker may be exposed for a normal 8 hour work day.
2.THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE-
Nearly all workers con experience without any unreasonable risk and disease .
3 Recommend EXPOSED LIMIT -
Indicate the Concentration of a substance to which a worker can be exposed for 10 hours work day during a 40 hours work in week
3.1 Based on animal and human study.
3.2 Generally experienced as a celling limit. Short term exposed limit and time weight and average
LETHAL DOSE AND LETHAL CONCENTRATION
In experimental toxicology it is common particle to determine the quantity of poison per unit of body
LD 50-
lethal dose for 50% the dose that killed one half of a group casual 10 or more .
LD 90 -
Lethal dose for 90% .
LD 100-
lethal dose for 100%.
AIR SAMPLING
two basic method employed two collect gaseous contamination are
1. FIELD METHOD
survey of work environment to collect the basic data.
1.1 sampling principal of stratagies to decide the location and messurment
1.2 minimum and optimum value of sample.
2. SAMPLING STRATEGIES -
2.1 collection technics
2.2 plan of sampling
2.3 selection og highly exposed worker
2.4 time and duration of sampling.
AIR SAMPLING DEVICE
there are two types of air sampling device.
1.Direct reading device
2.Indirect reading device
MONITORING
Monitoring is a continuous program of observation, measure and judgement.
There are 4 types.
1.Personnel
2. Environmental
3.Medical
4.Biological
WORK PLACE AND AREA MONITORING
Air monitoring is done for determination of concentration in the work place area air monitoring can be done for 8 hour to 10 hour.Hazard of work environment include all type of hazard affecting work area due to work.
PERSONNEL EXPOSE MONITORING
The concentration of the containment present in the breathing zone of a potentially exposed employed is quantitative by air monitoring.
BIOLOGICAL MONITORING
Biological monitoring is defined as a respective and regular measurement and assessment of agents our there metabolic blood urine etc. Biological monitoring is not a replacement of any other form of monitoring. It is complementary work environment monitoring does not give evaluation of industrial exposed.
VENTILATION SYSTEM
Ventilation is the mechanical system is the bring in fresh outdoor, Air and remove the contaminates in door air.
TYPE OF VENTILATION
1.Mechanical
2.Natural -- i)Wind Driven ii)Buoyancy Driven
3.Local Adjust
4.Heating Ventilation
AIR BORN CONTAMINATION
When chemical are discriminate in air and containment they are called air born containment they are classified according to their physical state
1. Gases
Normally formless fluid which occupie the space of incloser and which can be change to the liquid or solid state only by the combine effects of increasing pressure or temperature the particle size various 0.0005 from 0.01 nitrogen examples are-CL, sow, NOH, H2S CO.
2. VAPOURS
The gaseous form of substance which are normally in the solid or liquid Stat and which can increasing change to this state by either increasing pressure and decreasing the temperature the particle size various 0.005 to 0.001 microns..
3. DUST
Dust solid particle generate by handing, crushing, grinding, rapid impact, distinction and discription of organic and inorganic material such as rock, metal, coal ets.
4. FUMS
Solid particle genrate by condensation from gaseous state generally after vantilation from molten metal the particle size various fr
5. MISTS
Suspended liquid droplet genrated by condensation from gaseous to liquid Stat or by braking up a liquid into a disper state.
6. SMOKE
The air containment may be present in the form of smoke and fog which are not usually in countered an in industrial environment.
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